Time Line of Pirate History from No Quarter Given magazine

PIRATES & PRIVATEERS	THE NEW WORLD (major events)	SPAIN (major events)	ENGLAND (major events)	FRANCE (major events)	THE ARTS & SCIENCES
	1492 - Columbus makes 1st voyage	1492 - The Inquisition expels Spanish Jews
	1509 - Spanish found Darien (Panama)	1509 - Spain invades North Africa in crusade against Muslims			1506 - E. Indian spices first imported to Europe 1506 - Sugar cane 1st grown in W. Indies 1507 - 1st maps labelling New World "America"
	1512 - Black slaves 1st imported to Hispaniola 1513 - Florida discovered by Ponce de Leon	1516 - Ferdinand II dies	1512 - Double-decked warships first used by Royal Navy, armed with 70 guns		1510 - Wheelock firearm invented 1516 - Indigo dye from N. World brought to Europe
1523 - Jean Fleury siezes 3 silver galleons bound for Spain	1527 - Conquest of New Spain (Mexico)	1527 - Phillip II ascends the throne			1520 - Chocolate first brought to Spain from Mexico 1523 - Turkeys brought to Spain from America
	1542 - Cabrillo investigates coast of Calif.		1547 - Henry VIII dies, Edward VI succeeds him		1530 - Bottle corks came into general use
		1554 - Phillip II marries Queen Mary of England 1557 - Influx of New World silver causes bankruptcies	1553 - Edward VI dies, Mary I ("Bloody Mary") is crowned 1558 - Elizabeth I succeeds Mary I	1557 - Influx of New World silver causes bankruptcies
1562-9 - John Hawkins raids the Spanish Main	1561 - Phillip II of Spain forbids further attempts to settle Florida - the French are quick to move in	1564 - Spain occupies Phillipines, found Manila	1562 - John Hawkins removes 300 slaves from a Portuguese ship, marking the beginning of English slave trade	1562 - Wars of Religion sparked by Huguenot massacre	1562 - Milled coins 1st introduced into Eng. 1569 - Mercator's map of world for use of navigators, using Mercator projections
1572 - Drake attacks Nombre de Dios 1573 - Drake captures a Spanish silver shipment crossing the Isthmus of Panama	1577-80 - Drake circumnavigates the world
1586 - Grania Ni Mhaille (Grace O'Malley) renounces piracy		1588 - Spanish Armada sails for England, and is defeated		1585 - War of the Three Henrys 1589 - Henry III assassinated, Henry of Navarre succeeds as Henry IV (1st Bourbon king)
1594 - Richard Hawkins plundersValparaiso	1599 - Richard Hakluyt published the first authentic map of N. America	1598 - Phillip II dies, Phillip III is king (a weak king) 1599 - Copper coins first introduced	1597 - Hammocks on Royal Naval vessels were authorized	1590 - Siege of Paris by Henry IV, causes great famine	1599 - The Globe theater opens
PIRATE & PRIVATEERING	THE NEW WORLD	SPANISH & DUTCH EMPIRES	ENGLAND	FRANCE	THE ARTS & SCIENCES
1600-43 - Dutch corsairs (pechelingues) raid the Spanish interests in the West Indies 1608-09 - Sir Thomas Verney leaves England, & his inheritance, turns corsair 1609 - Balladeers & pamphleteers condemn John Ward for turning corsair	1604 - 1st English settle in Guiana 1605 - 1st English settle in St. Lucia 1607 - Founding of Jamestown, Virginia 1608 - John Smith saved from death by the Indian girl Pocahontas	1609-10 - The Spanish Inquisition expels the Moors, Spain's most learned & faithful subjects, thus weakening Spain	1603 - Elizabeth I dies, succeeded by James I (beginning Stuart dynasty) 1603 - James I wants peace with Spain, recalls all letters of marque 1604 - James I ends the war with Spain	1610 - Henry IV assassinated, succeeded by 9 yr-old Louis XIII 1618 - Richelieu ordered into exile for plotting with Maria d'Medici	1605 - "Don Quixote", by Cervantes, is first published
1611 - Simon Danziker, a Barbary corsair, dies 1612 - Sir Henry Mainwaring, pirate hunter, turns pirate himself & joins the corsairs 1616 - Mainwaring returns to England, is pardoned, writes treatise on piracy	1612 - 1st English settlers in Bermuda		1618 - Sir Walter Raleigh is beheaded		1615 - Coin-in-the-slot vending machins for loose tobacco were introduced into English taverns 1616 - Shakespeare dies
1627 - Jan Janz, renegade Dutch privateer pillages Reykjavik, Iceland 1628 - The Dutch capture a complete Spanish treasure fleet of 24 ship	1620 - Landing of the "Mayflower" 1621 - Dutch West India Company chartered 1622 - Indian massacre of Virginia settlers 1623 - English settlers first arrive in W. Indies, settling St. Christopher (St. Kitts) 1624 - New Amsterdam founded by Dutch 1625 - Pop. of English colonies exceeds 2,000 1626 - Indians sell Manhattan to Dutch 1627 - Barbados is settled by the English 1628 - Salem, Mass. is founded	1621 - War resumes between Holland & Spain after a 12 year truce 1621 - Phillip III dies, succeeded by Phillip IV 1625 - Anglo-Dutch alliance against Spain	1624 - England declares war on Spain 1625 - James I dies, succeeded by Charles I 1629-40 - Charles I abolishes parliament	1622 - Richelieu recalled by Louis XIII & made cardinal 1625 - The story "The 3 Musketeers" begins in this year, based on historical fact. D'Artagnan is a real personage, & the story is based on his memoirs 1626 - French colonists settle in Madagascar
1635 - Tortuga is first destroyed by Spanish 1639 - Tortuga is re-colonized by English	1630 - Tortuga is first colonized, by English 1634 - Dutch capture the island of Curacao1636 - Providence, R.I. founded		1633 - Bananas first appear in London	1630 - Treaty of Madrid ended the Anglo-French war 1635 - France declares war on Spain	1632 - Work on the Taj Mahal is begun by Shah Jahan 1633 - Galileo retracts scientific views when threatened by Inquisition
1642 - Tortuga taken over by French Boucaniers	1649 - Virginia pledged loyalty to the Stuarts		1642-46 - First Civil War, between the Cavaliers & Roundheads 1648 - Secnnd Civil War 1649 - Charles I is beheaded, the English Commonwealth begins	1642 - Cardinal Richelieu dies 1643 - Louis XIII dies, succeeded by 5 yr-old Louis XIV (the Sun King)	1642 - Rembrandt paints "The Night Watch" 1643 - Moliere, French dramatist, founded the Illustre Theatre in Paris, which became the Comedie Francaise 1649 - Richard Lovelace, the prototype Cavalier, prepared his collected works ("Lucasta") for the press
PIRATES & PRIVATEERING	THE NEW WORLD	SPANISH & DUTCH EMPIRES	ENGLAND	FRANCE & OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES	THE ARTS & SCIENCES
	1652 - The surrender of royalist Jamestown 1655 - English capture Jamaica from Spanish	1656 - Spain declares war on England, Robert Blake captured Spanish treasure ships off Cadiz	1651 - Commonwealth Navigation Act 1652-54 - First Anglo-Dutch War 1653 - Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector 1655 - Royalist uprising	1657 - France & England sign Treaty of Paris declaring war on Spain 1659 - Peace of Pyrenees - ends war between France & England against Spain	1656 - Artificial pearls first produced in Paris
1660 - After the Restoration, many supporters of the Commonwealth turn pirate 1660 - The English port on Jamaica is named Port Royal in honor of the Restoration 1662 - Port Royal invites buccaneers from Tortuga to use their port as home base. 1666-69 - Bartolomew Portuges operates in waters off Campeche 1667 - Maracaibo is sacked by Morgan 1668 - Porto Bello is attacked by Morgan's buccaneers 1667 - Jean David Nau, "L'Ollonois", becomes known for his cruelties 1669 - Henry Morgan raids Cuba	1660 - Navigation Act gives Eng. ships exclusive access to Amer. imports & exports 1660 - Spanish surrender to English in Jamaica 1661 - New Eng. colonies recognize the restoration of the English monarchy, but protect former Cromwell supporters 1663 - Navigation Act requires Eur. exports to colonies to be shipped on Eng. ships 1664 - Four English men-o'-war sail into the Hudson - New Amsterdam surrenders & is renamed New York 1669 - Charleston, S.Carolina, is founded	1665 - Phillip IV of Spain dies, Charles II is crowned 1669 - The Hanseatic League meets for the last time	1660 - The Restoration, Charles II restored as king. 1665 - Second Anglo-Dutch War begins 1665 - The Great Plague of London, kills 70,000 between July to Oct. 1666 - The Great Fire of London destroys most of the city	1660 - Louis XIV marries Maria Theresa, daughter of Phillip IV of Spain 1664 - French E. & W. Indies Co.s founded by Jean-Baptiste Colbert	1660 - The return of English public theaters after 18 yrs. of Puritan abolishment 1660 - The first English actress plays 1664 - "Le Tartuffe", a witty comedy by Moliere, is staged. 1668 - First reflecting telescope is built by Isaac Newton
1670 - Roche Braziliano terrorizes the Spanish 1671 - Morgan takes Panama 1674 - Morgan becomes Lt. governor of Jamaica, & suppresses piracy	1670 - Spaniards raid New Providence, & kidnap the governor 1673 - Marquette & Joliet explore the Mississippi for New France				1676 - A fast-dyeing process for calico was invented by Wm. Sherwin 1678 - Alexandre Exquemelin publishes his "Bucaniers of America"
	1681 - Grant of Pennsylvania made to Wm. Penn by Charles II 1682 - La Salle claims Louisiana for France		1685 - Charles II of England dies, James II is king 1688-89 - The Interregnum - William of Orange given control of Eng. 1689 - William III & Mary of England (James II elder daughter) crowned jointly	1682 - Louis XIV moves his court to Versailles, centralizes his control	1680 - The dodo becomes extinct 1685 - J. S. Bach, Handel & Scarlatti are born 1686- Edmund Halley draws first meteorological map, illustrating monsoons, trade winds and the salinity of the sea
1694 - Jamaica is overrun by French buccaneers under Jean du Casse 1695 - Capt. John Avery (Every) captures the Great Mogul's ship 1697-99 - William Kidd is commissioned to hunt pirates, but turns pirate himself	1692 - Culmination of the Salem witch hunt 1692 - Port Royal, Jamaica, is devastated by an earthquake 1698 - Royal African Co. loses its monopoly of slave trade		1696 - Eng. creates board of trade to supervise colonial affairs 1697 - Vice-Admiralty courts established to mediate colonial trade		1690 - Process of calico printing brought from France to Britain 1696 - First Eddystone Lighthouse is erected
PIRATES & PRIVATEERING	THE NEW WORLD	SPANISH & DUTCH EMPIRES	ENGLAND	FRANCE & OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES	THE ARTS & SCIENCES
1701 - Kidd is hanged, after being tried for piracy & murder 1702 - Du Casse defeats English at Santa Marta	1702 - Charles Town, New Providence, is renamed Nassau 1706 - Combined Fr. & Sp. assault on Charleston, S. C. fails 1708 - French capture St. John's, Newfoundland, giving them complete control of the E. Canadian coast	1700 - Charles II of Spain dies, succeeded Phillip V 1701 - War of the Spanish succession	1702 - William III of England dies, Anne (younger daughter of James II) is queen		1702 - Scheduled mail service between England & W. Indies begins 1705 - The ship's wheel replaces the tiller 1707 - Dennis Pappin invents the steamboat
1718 - Capt. Woodes Rogers expels pirates from the Bahamas 1718 - Blackbeard is killed in battle at Okracoke Inlet, NC 1718-20 - Edward England is active 1719 - Howell Davis, the Welsh pirate, is active off the Guinea coast	1713 - Treaty of Utrecht ousts French from St. Kitts 1718 - New Orleans is founded		1714 - George I of England (elector of Hanover, nearest Protestant relative) succeeds Anne I 1715 - Jacobite Rebellion, led by James Stuart		1715 - First pratical diving suit is demonstrated in Thames R. 1719 - "Robinson Crusoe" is published by Daniel Defoe
1720 - Anne Bonny, Mary Read, & John Rackham are captured 1720-22 - Bartholomew Roberts threatens the Guinea Coast & West Indies	1727 - Anglo-Spanish War, Carolina colonists march on Florida		1727 - George I of England dies, George II is king		1724 - Captain Johnson (thought to be Daniel Defoe) publishes "A General History of the Most Notorious Pirates" 1726 - "Gulliver's Travels" is published by Jonathan Swift
	1739 - War of Jenkin's Ear, Georgian colonists invade Florida, repulsed by Spanish				1730 - Reflecting quadrant (for navigation) invented by John Hadley 1736 - Ship's chronometer invented
			1746 - Scottish Jacobites defeated at the Battle of Culloden
PIRATES & PRIVATEERING	THE NEW WORLD	SPANISH & DUTCH EMPIRES	ENGLAND	FRANCE & OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES	THE ARTS & SCIENCES
1754-60 - American privateers assist the British in their war with the French	1754-60 - French & Indian War 1759 - British overrun the Windward Islands		1756-63 - Seven Year's War, between England and France	1756-63 - Seven Year's War, between England and France	1750 - J. S. Bach dies 1753 - James Lind, Scottish physician, publishes citrus cure for scurvey
	1760 - Slave revolt in Jamaica 1763 - Spain cedes Florida to Britain	1762 - Spain enters 7 Year's War, allies with France.	1760 - George II of England dies, succeeded by George III 1763 - Britain wins 7 Year's War, Spain cedes Florida to Britain		1763 - Mozart, age 7, plays before the court of Versailles
1775- A Spanish expedition sent to clear out a pirate stronghold in Algiers is repulsed. 1776-80 - Over 2000 Amer. privateers aid the colonies, & prey upon the British 1778 - Capt. John Paul Jones aboard his privateer Ranger takes several British ships. 1779 - Capt. James Cook is killed in Hawaii by natives	1770 - Boston Massacre 1773 - Boston Tea Party 1773 - Daniel Boone leads a band of pioneers into Kentucky 1776 - American Revolution begins 1776 - Amer. revolutionaries capture Nassau 1779 - France & Spain aid the Americans against Britain		1779 - France & Spain aid the American Revolution against Britain	1770 - The Dauphin of France (Louis XVI) marries Marie Antoinette	1776 - First submarine used in warfare, invented by Amer. David Bushnell. With a one-man crew, it was deployed unsuccessfully against the British in NY Harbor. 1777 - The torpedo was invented by David Bushnell.
	1780 - The Great Hurricane 1781 - French overrun nearly all British islands 1781 - Spaniards capture Nassau 1783 - Treaty of Versailles, Spain regains Florida, Ame. independance is recognized, many W. Indies islands change hands				1787 - The Marquis de Sade writes his most famous novel, Justine
	1795 - Maroon War in Jamaica	1799 - Napoleon becomes the First Consul of France
1815 - Jean Laffitte aids Jackson in defending New Orleans 1818 - Hippolyte de Bouchard attacks the coast of California	1803 - Louisiana Purchase from France 1806 - The Nonimportation Act, banning importation of some British goods, is a retaliation for the impressment of Amer. sailors 1812-15 - War of 1812